Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 12, 967-979, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
RO Morgan and MP Fernandez
The homologous repeats of annexin tetrads are believed to have originated
by successive duplication and fusion from a putative monomeric precursor,
but neither the nature of their ancestor nor the events leading to the
formation of different subfamilies have been elucidated. We have performed
molecular phylogenetic analysis of aligned annexin nucleotide and amino
acids sequences to characterize subfamily branching, to delineate the
temporal order of appearance of individual repeat units, and to gain
insight into the origin and nature of the primordial unit. All extant
annexins appear to have a common tetrad precursor that may have originated
from a progenitor unit resembling repeat 3, followed by the generation of
repeats 4, 1, and 2 from a more evolved progenitor with subsequent fusion.
Repeat sequences of the earliest human annexins VII and XIII were used to
identify alpha- giardin genes as primitive homologues from the unicellular
protozoan Giardia lamblia, which diverged from eukaryote lineage 1-1.5
billion yr ago. The significant homology between alpha-giardins and
annexins suggested that the cell membrane adhesive role of these proteins
may be a common, fundamental property of the annexin C-terminal core
region. Purported annexin VII of Dictyostelium discoideum was reclassified
as new annexin XIV, three Caenorhabditis elegans genes were assigned to new
subfamilies XV, XVI, and XVII, and plant annexin XVIII from Medicago sativa
was among the earliest diverging subfamilies. Annexins I and II were found
to be closely related, but analysis of protein mutation rates confirmed
that the former is evolving up to three times more rapidly. The inclusion
of early phyla in annexin taxonomy provides a useful basis for assessing
the structural and functional changes associated with annexin evolution.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular phylogeny of annexins and identification of a primitive homologue in Giardia lamblia
Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, USA.
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