Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 12, 1094-1105, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
WC Lathe 3rd, WD Burke, DG Eickbush and TH Eickbush
R1 is a non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposable element that
inserts into a specific sequence of insect 28S ribosomal RNA genes. We have
previously shown that this element has been maintained through vertical
transmission in the melanogaster species subgroup of Drosophila. To address
whether R1 elements have been vertically transmitted for longer periods of
evolutionary time, the analysis has been extended to 11 other species from
four species groups of the genus Drosophila (melanogaster, obscura,
testecea, and repleta). All sequenced elements appeared functional on the
basis of the preservation of their open-reading frames and consistently
higher rate of substitution at synonymous sites relative to replacement
sites. The phylogenetic relationships of the R1 elements from all species
analyzed were congruent with the species phylogenies, suggesting that the
R1 elements have been vertically transmitted since the inception of the
Drosophila genus, an estimated 50-70 Mya. The stable maintenance of R1
through the germ line appears to be the major mechanism for the widespread
distribution of these elements in Drosophila. In two species, D.
neotestecea of the testecea group and D. takahashii of the melanogaster
group, a second family of R1 elements was also present that differed in
sequence by 46% and 31%, respectively, from the family that was congruent
with the species phylogeny. These second families may represent occasional
horizontal transfers or, alternatively, they could reflect the ability of
R1 elements to diverge into new families within a species and evolve
independently.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evolutionary stability of the R1 retrotransposable element in the genus Drosophila
Department of Biology, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
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