Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 12, 921-927, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
L Excoffier and M Slatkin
Molecular techniques allow the survey of a large number of linked
polymorphic loci in random samples from diploid populations. However, the
gametic phase of haplotypes is usually unknown when diploid individuals are
heterozygous at more than one locus. To overcome this difficulty, we
implement an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm leading to
maximum-likelihood estimates of molecular haplotype frequencies under the
assumption of Hardy-Weinberg proportions. The performance of the algorithm
is evaluated for simulated data representing both DNA sequences and highly
polymorphic loci with different levels of recombination. As expected, the
EM algorithm is found to perform best for large samples, regardless of
recombination rates among loci. To ensure finding the global maximum
likelihood estimate, the EM algorithm should be started from several
initial conditions. The present approach appears to be useful for the
analysis of nuclear DNA sequences or highly variable loci. Although the
algorithm, in principle, can accommodate an arbitrary number of loci, there
are practical limitations because the computing time grows exponentially
with the number of polymorphic loci. Although the algorithm, in principle,
can accommodate an arbitrary number of loci, there are practical
limitations because the computing time grows exponentially with the number
of polymorphic loci.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Maximum-likelihood estimation of molecular haplotype frequencies in a diploid population
Department of Anthropology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. P. K. Ng, S. Nurbaya, S. Choo, D. Koh, K.-s. Chia, and A. S. Krolewski Genetic variation at the SLC12A3 locus is unlikely to explain risk for advanced diabetic nephropathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., July 1, 2008; 23(7): 2260 - 2264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. S. Jones, S. C. Kaste, W. Liu, C. Cheng, W. Yang, K. G. Tantisira, C.-H. Pui, and M. V. Relling CRHR1 Polymorphisms Predict Bone Density in Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia J. Clin. Oncol., June 20, 2008; 26(18): 3031 - 3037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Mototani, A. Iida, M. Nakajima, T. Furuichi, Y. Miyamoto, T. Tsunoda, A. Sudo, A. Kotani, A. Uchida, K. Ozaki, et al. A functional SNP in EDG2 increases susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in Japanese Hum. Mol. Genet., June 15, 2008; 17(12): 1790 - 1797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-Q. Lai, K. L. Tucker, L. D. Parnell, X. Adiconis, B. Garcia-Bailo, J. Griffith, M. Meydani, and J. M. Ordovas PPARGC1A Variation Associated With DNA Damage, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases: The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study Diabetes, April 1, 2008; 57(4): 809 - 816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Haiman, C. Hsu, P. I.W. de Bakker, M. Frasco, X. Sheng, D. Van Den Berg, J. T. Casagrande, L. N. Kolonel, L. Le Marchand, S. E. Hankinson, et al. Comprehensive association testing of common genetic variation in DNA repair pathway genes in relationship with breast cancer risk in multiple populations Hum. Mol. Genet., March 15, 2008; 17(6): 825 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Schedel, L. A. Pinto, B. Schaub, P. Rosenstiel, D. Cherkasov, L. Cameron, N. Klopp, T. Illig, C. Vogelberg, S. K. Weiland, et al. IRF-1 Gene Variations Influence IgE Regulation and Atopy Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 15, 2008; 177(6): 613 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. Foulkes, R. Yucel, and X. Li A likelihood-based approach to mixed modeling with ambiguity in cluster identifiers Biostat., March 14, 2008; (2008) kxm055v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Andreotti, J. Chen, Y.-T. Gao, A. Rashid, B. E. Chen, P. Rosenberg, L. C. Sakoda, J. Deng, M.-C. Shen, B.-S. Wang, et al. Polymorphisms of Genes in the Lipid Metabolism Pathway and Risk of Biliary Tract Cancers and Stones: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Shanghai, China Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2008; 17(3): 525 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. N. Danforth, R. B. Hayes, C. Rodriguez, K. Yu, L. C. Sakoda, W.-Y. Huang, B. E. Chen, J. Chen, G. L. Andriole, E. E. Calle, et al. Polymorphic variants in PTGS2 and prostate cancer risk: results from two large nested case-control studies Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2008; 29(3): 568 - 572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Salem, P. E. Cadman, Y. Chen, F. Rao, G. Wen, B. A. Hamilton, B. K. Rana, D. W. Smith, M. Stridsberg, H. J. Ward, et al. Chromogranin A Polymorphisms Are Associated With Hypertensive Renal Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2008; 19(3): 600 - 614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Pardanani, B. L. Fridley, T. L. Lasho, D. G. Gilliland, and A. Tefferi Host genetic variation contributes to phenotypic diversity in myeloproliferative disorders Blood, March 1, 2008; 111(5): 2785 - 2789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Imamura, R. Takahashi, R. Murakami, H. Kataoka, X. W. Cheng, Y. Numaguchi, T. Murohara, and K. Okumura The effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms on endothelial function and metabolic risk factors in healthy subjects: the significance of plasma adiponectin levels Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2008; 158(2): 189 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. G. Bradley, E. B. Binder, M. P. Epstein, Y. Tang, H. P. Nair, W. Liu, C. F. Gillespie, T. Berg, M. Evces, D. J. Newport, et al. Influence of Child Abuse on Adult Depression: Moderation by the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene Arch Gen Psychiatry, February 1, 2008; 65(2): 190 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Voetsch, R. C. Jin, C. Bierl, L. Deus-Silva, E. C.S. Camargo, J. M. Annichino-Bizacchi, D. E. Handy, and J. Loscalzo Role of Promoter Polymorphisms in the Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx-3) Gene as a Risk Factor for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Stroke, February 1, 2008; 39(2): 303 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Miyashita, H. Arai, T. Asada, M. Imagawa, E. Matsubara, M. Shoji, S. Higuchi, K. Urakami, A. Kakita, H. Takahashi, et al. Genetic association of CTNNA3 with late-onset Alzheimer's disease in females Hum. Mol. Genet., December 1, 2007; 16(23): 2854 - 2869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. W. Hsing, L. C. Sakoda, J. Chen, A. P. Chokkalingam, I. Sesterhenn, Y.-T. Gao, J. Xu, and S.L. Zheng MSR1 variants and the risks of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a population-based study in China Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2007; 28(12): 2530 - 2536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R. Thompson, P. A. McCaskie, J. P. Beilby, J. Hung, M. Jennens, C. Chapman, P. Thompson, and S. E. Humphries IL18 Haplotypes Are Associated with Serum IL-18 Concentrations in a Population-Based Study and a Cohort of Individuals with Premature Coronary Heart Disease Clin. Chem., December 1, 2007; 53(12): 2078 - 2085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. W. Setiawan, F. R. Schumacher, C. A. Haiman, D. O. Stram, D. Albanes, D. Altshuler, G. Berglund, J. Buring, E. E. Calle, F. Clavel-Chapelon, et al. CYP17 Genetic Variation and Risk of Breast and Prostate Cancer from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2007; 16(11): 2237 - 2246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Stern, D. V. Conti, K. D. Siegmund, R. Corral, J.-M. Yuan, W.-P. Koh, and M. C. Yu DNA Repair Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer and their Role as Modifiers of the Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol in the Singapore Chinese Health Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2007; 16(11): 2363 - 2372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Domingo-Domenech, Y. Benavente, E. Gonzalez-Barca, C. Montalban, J. Guma, R. Bosch, S. S. Wang, Q. Lan, D. Whitby, A. Fernandez de Sevilla, et al. Impact of interleukin-10 polymorphisms ( 1082 and 3575) on the survival of patients with lymphoid neoplasms Haematologica, November 1, 2007; 92(11): 1475 - 1481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. D. Ding, H. Simianer, and Q. Zhang A New Method for Haplotype Inference Including Full-Sib Information Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1929 - 1940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. J. Yoo, J. Tang, R. A. Kaslow, and K. Zhang Haplotype inference for present absent genotype data using previously identified haplotypes and haplotype patterns Bioinformatics, September 15, 2007; 23(18): 2399 - 2406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Newton-Cheh, C.-Y. Guo, M. G. Larson, S. L. Musone, A. Surti, A. L. Camargo, J. A. Drake, E. J. Benjamin, D. Levy, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, et al. Common Genetic Variation in KCNH2 Is Associated With QT Interval Duration: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, September 4, 2007; 116(10): 1128 - 1136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Rajaraman, S. S. Wang, N. Rothman, M. M. Brown, P. M. Black, H. A. Fine, J. S. Loeffler, R. G. Selker, W. R. Shapiro, S. J. Chanock, et al. Polymorphisms in Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Control Genes and Risk of Brain Tumors in Adults Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2007; 16(8): 1655 - 1661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ji, I. Moon, J. Zlatkovic, O. E. Salavaggione, B. A. Thomae, B. W. Eckloff, E. D. Wieben, D. J. Schaid, and R. M. Weinshilboum Human Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransferase SULT2B1 Pharmacogenomics: Gene Sequence Variation and Functional Genomics J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2007; 322(2): 529 - 540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Moore, P. Dicker, J. K. O'Brien, M. Stojanovic, R. M. Conroy, A. Treumann, E. T. O'Brien, D. Fitzgerald, D. Shields, and A. V. Stanton Renin Gene Polymorphisms and Haplotypes, Blood Pressure, and Responses to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition Hypertension, August 1, 2007; 50(2): 340 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Kim, M. S. Waterman, and L. M. Li Diploid genome reconstruction of Ciona intestinalis and comparative analysis with Ciona savignyi Genome Res., July 1, 2007; 17(7): 1101 - 1110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. L. Yaspan, J. P. Breyer, Q. Cai, Q. Dai, J. B. Elmore, I. Amundson, K. M. Bradley, X.-O. Shu, Y.-T. Gao, W. D. Dupont, et al. Haplotype Analysis of CYP11A1 Identifies Promoter Variants Associated with Breast Cancer Risk Cancer Res., June 15, 2007; 67(12): 5673 - 5682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Y. Urayama, J. K. Wiencke, P. A. Buffler, A. P. Chokkalingam, C. Metayer, and J. L. Wiemels MDR1 Gene Variants, Indoor Insecticide Exposure, and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2007; 16(6): 1172 - 1177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Moore, M. F. Leitzmann, S. J. Weinstein, K. Snyder, D. Albanes, J. Virtamo, B. I. Graubard, S. T. Mayne, H. Yu, U. Peters, et al. Insulin Resistance-Related Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Prostate Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2007; 16(6): 1315 - 1317. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Glorioso, V. L.M. Herrera, P. Bagamasbad, F. Filigheddu, C. Troffa, G. Argiolas, E. Bulla, J. L. Decano, and N. Ruiz-Opazo Association of ATP1A1 and Dear Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Haplotypes With Essential Hypertension: Sex-Specific and Haplotype-Specific Effects Circ. Res., May 25, 2007; 100(10): 1522 - 1529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Awata, E. Kawasaki, H. Ikegami, T. Kobayashi, T. Maruyama, K. Nakanishi, A. Shimada, H. Iizuka, S. Kurihara, M. Osaki, et al. Insulin Gene/IDDM2 Locus in Japanese Type 1 Diabetes: Contribution of Class I Alleles and Influence of Class I Subdivision in Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2007; 92(5): 1791 - 1795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-L. Lo, J.-C. Yu, S.-T. Chen, G.-C. Hsu, Y.-C. Mau, S.-L. Yang, P.-E. Wu, and C.-Y. Shen Breast cancer risk associated with genotypic polymorphism of the mitotic checkpoint genes: a multigenic study on cancer susceptibility Carcinogenesis, May 1, 2007; 28(5): 1079 - 1086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Watanabe, R. Yoshida, K. Ueoka, K. Aoki, I. Sasagawa, T. Hasegawa, K. Sueoka, N. Kamatani, Y. Yoshimura, and T. Ogata Haplotype analysis of the estrogen receptor 1 gene in male genital and reproductive abnormalities Hum. Reprod., May 1, 2007; 22(5): 1279 - 1284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Gunter, R. B. Hayes, N. Chatterjee, M. Yeager, R. Welch, R. E. Schoen, L. Yakochi, A. Schatzkin, and U. Peters Insulin Resistance-Related Genes and Advanced Left-Sided Colorectal Adenoma Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2007; 16(4): 703 - 708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Slattery, K. Curtin, R. Baumgartner, C. Sweeney, T. Byers, A. R. Giuliano, K. B. Baumgartner, and R. R. Wolff IL6, Aspirin, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, and Breast Cancer Risk in Women Living in the Southwestern United States Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2007; 16(4): 747 - 755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Wang, S. K. McDonnell, J. P. Slusser, S. J. Hebbring, J. M. Cunningham, S. J. Jacobsen, J. R. Cerhan, M. L. Blute, D. J. Schaid, and S. N. Thibodeau Two Common Chromosome 8q24 Variants Are Associated with Increased Risk for Prostate Cancer Cancer Res., April 1, 2007; 67(7): 2944 - 2950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. Williams, A. E. Mars, S. G. Buyske, E. S. Stenroos, R. Wang, M. F. Factura-Santiago, G. H. Lambert, and W. G. Johnson Risk of Autistic Disorder in Affected Offspring of Mothers With a Glutathione S-Transferase P1 Haplotype Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, April 1, 2007; 161(4): 356 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Lan, T. Zheng, S. Chanock, Y. Zhang, M. Shen, S. S. Wang, S. I. Berndt, S. H. Zahm, T. R. Holford, B. Leaderer, et al. Genetic variants in caspase genes and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma Carcinogenesis, April 1, 2007; 28(4): 823 - 827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Tanabe, T. Yanagiya, A. Iida, S. Saito, A. Sekine, A. Takahashi, T. Nakamura, T. Tsunoda, S. Kamohara, Y. Nakata, et al. Functional Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Secretogranin III (SCG3) Gene that Form Secretory Granules with Appetite-Related Neuropeptides Are Associated with Obesity J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2007; 92(3): 1145 - 1154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Vollmert, S. Hahn, C. Lamina, C. Huth, M. Kolz, A. Schopfer-Wendels, K. Mann, F. Bongardt, J. C. Mueller, F. Kronenberg, et al. Calpain-10 variants and haplotypes are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in Caucasians Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2007; 292(3): E836 - E844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Martinez, M. Sanchez-Lopez, J. Varade, A. Mas, M Carmen Martin, V. de las Heras, R. Arroyo, J. Luis Mendoza, M. Diaz-Rubio, B. Fernandez-Gutierrez, et al. Role of the MHC2TA gene in autoimmune diseases Ann Rheum Dis, March 1, 2007; 66(3): 325 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Goode, J. D. Potter, W. R. Bamlet, D. N. Rider, and J. Bigler Inherited variation in carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and risk of colorectal polyps Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2007; 28(2): 328 - 341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. K. Silverman Haplotype Thinking in Lung Disease Proceedings of the ATS, January 1, 2007; 4(1): 4 - 8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kimura, K. Kamino, M. Yamamoto, A. Nuripa, T. Kida, H. Kazui, R. Hashimoto, T. Tanaka, T. Kudo, H. Yamagata, et al. The DYRK1A gene, encoded in chromosome 21 Down syndrome critical region, bridges between {beta}-amyloid production and tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer disease Hum. Mol. Genet., January 1, 2007; 16(1): 15 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Paschou, M. W. Mahoney, A. Javed, J. R. Kidd, A. J. Pakstis, S. Gu, K. K. Kidd, and P. Drineas Intra- and interpopulation genotype reconstruction from tagging SNPs Genome Res., January 1, 2007; 17(1): 96 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Voetsch, R. C. Jin, C. Bierl, K. S. Benke, G. Kenet, P. Simioni, F. Ottaviano, B. P. Damasceno, J. M. Annichino-Bizacchi, D. E. Handy, et al. Promoter Polymorphisms in the Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx-3) Gene: A Novel Risk Factor for Arterial Ischemic Stroke Among Young Adults and Children Stroke, January 1, 2007; 38(1): 41 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. W. Setiawan, I. Cheng, D. O. Stram, E. Giorgi, M. C. Pike, D. Van Den Berg, L. Pooler, N. P. Burtt, L. Le Marchand, D. Altshuler, et al. A Systematic Assessment of Common Genetic Variation in CYP11A and Risk of Breast Cancer Cancer Res., December 15, 2006; 66(24): 12019 - 12025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Nyholt ssSNPer: identifying statistically similar SNPs to aid interpretation of genetic association studies Bioinformatics, December 1, 2006; 22(23): 2960 - 2961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H-K Park, S-Y Oh, T-B Kim, J-W Bahn, E-S Shin, J-E Lee, H-B Oh, Y-K Kim, T Park, S-H Cho, et al. Association of genetic variations in neurokinin-2 receptor with enhanced cough sensitivity to capsaicin in chronic cough Thorax, December 1, 2006; 61(12): 1070 - 1075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Chen, X. Wang, S. Hossain, F. A. O'Neill, D. Walsh, L. Pless, K. V. Chowdari, V. L. Nimgaonkar, S. G. Schwab, D. B. Wildenauer, et al. Haplotypes spanning SPEC2, PDZ-GEF2 and ACSL6 genes are associated with schizophrenia Hum. Mol. Genet., November 15, 2006; 15(22): 3329 - 3342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. I. Berndt, E. A. Platz, M. D. Fallin, L. W. Thuita, S. C. Hoffman, and K. J. Helzlsouer Genetic Variation in the Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2006; 15(11): 2263 - 2269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M RASSI, I. J WASTOWSKI, R. T SIMOES, S. RODRIGUES, N. N.H.S DEGHAIDE, C. T MENDES-JUNIOR, A. L SIMOES, C.P SOARES, G. A.S PASSOS, and E. A DONADI TNFa-e Microsatellite, HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles and Haplotypes in Brazilian Patients Presenting Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., October 1, 2006; 1079(1): 300 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Wang, J. R. Cerhan, P. Hartge, S. Davis, W. Cozen, R. K. Severson, N. Chatterjee, M. Yeager, S. J. Chanock, and N. Rothman Common Genetic Variants in Proinflammatory and Other Immunoregulatory Genes and Risk for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Cancer Res., October 1, 2006; 66(19): 9771 - 9780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Gaudet, S. Chanock, J. Lissowska, S. I. Berndt, B. Peplonska, L. A. Brinton, R. Welch, M. Yeager, A. Bardin-Mikolajczak, and M. Garcia-Closas Comprehensive Assessment of Genetic Variation of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and Breast Cancer Risk Cancer Res., October 1, 2006; 66(19): 9781 - 9785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C Vollmert, O Windl, W Xiang, A Rosenberger, I Zerr, H-E Wichmann, H Bickeboller, T Illig, the KORA group, and H A Kretzschmar Significant association of a M129V independent polymorphism in the 5' UTR of the PRNP gene with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a large German case-control study. J. Med. Genet., October 1, 2006; 43(10): e53 - e53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|